Other Categories

# Example: Set operations - union
set_a = {1, 2, 3}
set_b = {3, 4, 5}
union = set_a | set_b  # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

# Example: Set operations - intersection
intersection = set_a & set_b  # Output: {3}

# Example: Set operations - difference
difference = set_a - set_b  # Output: {1, 2}

# Example: Set operations - symmetric difference
symmetric_difference = set_a ^ set_b  # Output: {1, 2, 4, 5}

# Example: Set operations - subset
set_c = {1, 2}
is_subset = set_c <= set_a  # Output: True

# Example: Set operations - superset
is_superset = set_a >= set_c  # Output: True

# Example: Reversing a list using slice
reversed_list = my_list[::-1]  # Output: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

# Example: Slicing a list to get the last three elements
last_three = my_list[-3:]  # Output: [3, 4, 5]

# Example: Slicing a string to get every second character
every_second_char = "abcdef"[::2]  # Output: 'ace'

# Example 9: Slicing a list with negative indices
negative_index_slice = my_list[-4:-1]  # Output: [2, 3, 4]

# Example: Check if a number is even or odd
num = 5
is_even = (num & 1) == 0  # Output: False

# Example: Set a bit at a specific position
bit_position = 2
num = 5  # Binary: 101
num |= (1 << bit_position)  # Set the bit at position 2
# num now is 7 (Binary: 111)

# Example: Clear a bit at a specific position
num = 7  # Binary: 111
num &= ~(1 << bit_position)  # Clear the bit at position 2
# num now is 5 (Binary: 101)

# Example: Toggle a bit at a specific position
num = 5  # Binary: 101
num ^= (1 << bit_position)  # Toggle the bit at position 2
# num now is 7 (Binary: 111)

# Example: Check if a bit is set at a specific position
is_set = (num & (1 << bit_position)) != 0  # Output: True

# Example: Count the number of set bits (Hamming Weight)
count = 0
num = 7  # Binary: 111
while num:
    count += num & 1
    num >>= 1
# count now is 3

# Example: Get the rightmost set bit
num = 10  # Binary: 1010
rightmost_set_bit = num & -num  # Output: 2 (Binary: 10)

# Example: Calculate if a number is a power of two
num = 8
is_power_of_two = (num > 0) and (num & (num - 1)) == 0  # Output: True

# Example: Clear the last set bit
num = 10  # Binary: 1010
num &= (num - 1)  # Clears the rightmost set bit
# num now is 8 (Binary: 1000)

# Example: Using pow to calculate a power
power_result = pow(2, 3)  # Output: 8 (2^3)

# Example: Using pow with a negative exponent
negative_exponent = pow(2, -2)  # Output: 0.25 (1/(2^2))

# Example: Using pow for multiple arguments (base, exponent, modulus)
modulus_power = pow(3, 2, 5)  # Output: 4 (3^2 % 5)

# Example: Calculate the sine of an angle (in radians)
sine_value = math.sin(math.pi / 2)  # Output: 1.0

# Example: Find the logarithm (base 10)
logarithm_value = math.log10(100)  # Output: 2.0

# Example: Find the natural logarithm
natural_log_value = math.log(math.e)  # Output: 1.0

# Example: Calculate the greatest common divisor (GCD)
gcd_value = math.gcd(48, 18)  # Output: 6

# Example: Return the ceiling of x, the smallest integer greater than or equal to x
rounded_value = math.ceil(4.2)  # Output: 5

# Example: Return the floor of x, the largest integer less than or equal to x
rounded_value = math.floor(4.2)  # Output: 4

# Return a random number between min and max
min_val = 5
max_val = 15
random_in_range = random.randint(min_val, max_val)

# Return a random number between 1 and 10
n = 10
random_number = random.randint(1, n)

# Return a random double between 0.0 and 1.0
random_double = random.random()

# Return a random boolean value (True or False)
random_boolean = random.choice([True, False])

# Example: Strip whitespace from both ends
stripped = "   hello   ".strip()  # Output: 'hello'

# Example: Strip specific characters
stripped_chars = "---hello---".strip('-')  # Output: 'hello'

# Example: Strip only leading whitespace
leading_strip = "   hello".lstrip()  # Output: 'hello'

# Example: Strip only trailing whitespace
trailing_strip = "hello   ".rstrip()  # Output: 'hello'